Yes.*

You can patent a design pattern, within a specific context (provided the patent is approved)

NAMCO infamously patented ‘Loaing Screen Games’, with its documented example being Galaga.

Thankfully that patent expired in 2015. Hope this answers your question!

Depends on whether someone with enough money wants to sue you.

I know that Microsoft has patented the ribbon toolbar it uses on windows and its office suite. So it isn’t a first if a game company tried to do the same.

If the case were that it weren’t, Path of Exile just to throw one example out there would have been piledrivered into dust by Blizzard for wholesale copying the UI layout for Diablo 2. Or better, Binding of Isaac for making an incredibly superficially Zelda-looking screen layout and despite being hugely popular, conspicuously not drawing the ire of the single most litigious batch of motherfuckers in the entire video game industry.

So, no, I’m pretty sure nobody can sue you for making a UI that looks similar to another UI.

First of all, Everything that is designed by a human is copyright protected. You’re not allowed to copy a whole UI verbatim. It’s their intellectual property. However: The individual buttons, or offering options ‘New game’, ‘Load’, ‘Exit’ might not pass a threshold of originality. You need a certain level of creativity to pass for copyright protection. And you can do a similar design, just not rip it off. For example a medieval style is not something that is protected. You can do a medieval style if you come up with the design yourself. You cannot take their code or do screenshots and use them. So if I read your question meaning just do similar layout choices, then No. That’s not their intellectual property. Unless it’s super unique to that specific game. Just the exact layout is.