Recently there was a thing where VAC would erroneously flag AMD’s antilag+ feature as cheating, and issue a ban.
AMD then quickly disabled the feature by default but now Valve also patched detection for it and is now, at least according to these patch notes, reversing the bans.
Yeah, nowadays I think it only affects that game, but older valve titles handed out instant bans on othet titles that used the same engine.
https://help.steampowered.com/en/faqs/view/647C-5CC1-7EA9-3C29#application