The paper was published in 2008 and I don’t know enough about European politics to know the shifts since then but you can download it here.
Looks like they categorize Germany as MMP (“Germany, New Zealand and Mexico also have a mixed member proportional (MMP) system, where about half of the members in parliament are selected by closed party lists to correct partisan imbalances resulting from the election of electorate candidates by plurality rules”).
Ah I see, that makes sense, cheers for this. I never knew that despite living there for many years. It really did seem like your vote counted directly towards both party and candidate - didn’t realise MMP isn’t under the umbrella of PR
The paper was published in 2008 and I don’t know enough about European politics to know the shifts since then but you can download it here.
Looks like they categorize Germany as MMP (“Germany, New Zealand and Mexico also have a mixed member proportional (MMP) system, where about half of the members in parliament are selected by closed party lists to correct partisan imbalances resulting from the election of electorate candidates by plurality rules”).
Ah I see, that makes sense, cheers for this. I never knew that despite living there for many years. It really did seem like your vote counted directly towards both party and candidate - didn’t realise MMP isn’t under the umbrella of PR