The Demerara Rebellion of 1823 was an uprising involving more than ten thousand enslaved people in the Crown colony of Demerara-Essequibo (now part of Guyana) on the coast of South America. The rebellion took place on August 18, 1823, and lasted two days. No particular incident sparked the rebellion; the enslaved simply grew tired of their servitude and sought to resist in the most direct way they could.

Planning for the rebellion began on August 17, 1823, at Plantation Success, one of the largest estates in the area. Two leaders emerged during the planning period: Jack Gladstone, a cooper on Plantation Success, and his father, Quamina, a senior deacon at a church led by English Protestant missionary, John Smith. Gladstone and others planned the uprising, but Quamina objected to any bloodshed and suggested instead that the enslaved should go on strike. Quamina and other leaders visited John Smith, informing him of his son’s plans. Smith urged the enslaved to remain peaceful, exercise patience, and wait for new laws that would reduce their suffering. Quamina carried Smith’s message back to the plantations.

Quamina’s call to remain peaceful fell on deaf ears. The enslaved on Plantation Success rebelled the next evening, August 18, 1823, and attempted to seize all firearms on the plantation. They locked up the whites during the night, planning to release them when their demands were met. They did not see their rebellion as a challenge to slavery itself but demanded better treatment for enslaved people in Demerara-Essequibo.

Most of the enslaved remained loyal to their masters. An enslaved house servant, Joseph Packwood, told his owner, John Simpson, about the planned revolt before it began. Simpson, in turn, informed Governor John Murray, who rode out to confront the rebels with the militia. The enslaved demanded their rights, but Governor Murray ordered them to return to their plantations. When they refused, he declared martial law. Some returned to the plantations while others participated in the rebellion.

Only a handful of whites were killed during the Demerara Rebellion. The rebels locked up owners, managers, and overseers on thirty-seven plantations, who did not flee to Georgetown, the colonial capital, when the rebellion began. Large numbers of Christian slaves refused to rebel and helped suppress those who rose up.

Other enslaved people confronted their owners and the military forces sent against them. On Bachelor’s Adventure Plantation, approximately two thousand enslaved people confronted Lieutenant Colonel John Leahy and his militia. When the enslaved refused Leahy’s order to disperse, he commanded his troops to fire into the crowd. Approximately two hundred people were killed.

Although the rebellion ended on Tuesday, August 19, the punishment that came afterward was severe. Hundreds of rebels were hunted down and killed, including two hundred who were beheaded as a warning to other enslaved people. Fourteen rebels were hastily tried and sentenced to be hanged. Governor Murray commuted their sentences and had them deported elsewhere in Caribbean. Jack Gladstone was deported to St. Lucia. His father, Quamina, who had argued against the revolt, was tracked down by dogs and Indians and killed in September 1823.

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  • FuckyWucky [none/use name]@hexbear.netEnglish
    11·
    1 year ago
    chatgpt makes up some banger conspiracy theories tbh ngl 
    The Lizard People's Mall: This theory proposes that underground malls across the world are actually fronts for an underground lizard society to conduct business without being detected by humans.

The Time-Traveling Banana: Believers claim that bananas are not natural fruits but rather time-traveling devices sent back in time to provide essential nutrients to historical figures.

The Alien Hair Salon: According to this theory, aliens use hair salons as a means to gather human DNA and hair samples for their experiments and genetic studies.

The Reverse-Gravity Agriculture Conspiracy: This theory suggests that certain governments are secretly growing crops on the undersides of floating islands using reverse gravity technology.

The Psychic Cat Network: Some believe that cats possess psychic abilities and are secretly communicating with each other through a telepathic network to manipulate human behavior.

The Moon Cheese Heist: This conspiracy theory alleges that the Moon's craters are actually the result of a massive heist conducted by intergalactic mice who stole moon-sized wheels of cheese.

The Invisible Unicorn Government: This theory posits that an invisible unicorn government is responsible for directing world affairs, and only those with a special "unicorn vision" can see their influence.

The Parallel Universe of Lost Socks: Believers suggest that missing socks from laundry machines are actually being transported to a parallel universe where they're used as currency.

The Underground Society of Dancing Trees: According to this theory, trees come alive at night and gather in underground caverns to engage in elaborate dance parties.

The Subliminal Messaging of Rainbows: Some claim that rainbows are actually subliminal messages sent by advanced civilizations to control human emotions and actions.

    The Invisible Hand of the Invisible Hand: This theory suggests that the concept of the “invisible hand” in economics is actually guided by a literal invisible hand that influences market forces.

    you can probably convince some people that any of this is real