There’s the Fuji mentioned in the other comment, which is pretty much exactly what you describe. But also depending on your budget, there’s a whole market of crop-sensor/APS-C cameras in more or less that form factor with a lot more flexibility. Then of course there’s the Leica stuff, but that’s more money than problems territory.
I would also like to have a point-and-shoot camera where the sensor would be much larger than the ones of the majority of phones.
Seems too niche of a market, but would be nice
There’s the Fuji mentioned in the other comment, which is pretty much exactly what you describe. But also depending on your budget, there’s a whole market of crop-sensor/APS-C cameras in more or less that form factor with a lot more flexibility. Then of course there’s the Leica stuff, but that’s more money than problems territory.