It’s been mentioned before, but school busses are the ideal implementation of pure BEV. Their operation time to charge time allows them to be far more gentle on the batteries than mass transit, where you might only have a 4 to 6-hour non-revenue window to charge a whole fleet of busses that need to run for 18 hours at a time.
While the upfront and maintenance costs can be considerable, for mass transit, spending at least part of the route running and changing on trolley wire is a much more sustainable option.
Not to mention they are gas guzzlers.
And the exhaust gases are not a good thing to expose children (or really anyone) to
Are there any good articles/papers from a grid manager on how VPP introduce complications into the grid and how they mitigate it?
America will literally do anything but create walkable cities
Even in walkable places you need transit. While buses are not the most optimal example of that, they are certainly better than private automobiles
Retrofitting a city to be walkable sounds difficult , but I don’t know much about this. Do you have a sense of how feasible it is?