If all the citizens are trained in the defense of the nation, then both things can be true. There’s only so many fighters jets, tanks, and nuclear bombs to go around, so the stewardship of those assets is going to fall to a trusted committee anyway (an organized military), but that’s logistics, not politics.

What does such a society do with conscientious objectors and Pacificsts? Hopefully value their option as a source of diversity and honor their choices.